Covid -19 – A Holistic Understanding

Research, observations, and suggestions about the recent Corona Virus Pandemic

Dinesh Chauhan

 

“In our most intimate moment, as new human life emerges from the old, viruses are essential for our survival there is no us and they - just a gradually blending and shifting mix of DNA. Our beginning in uterus starts in collaboration with viruses”

While I was reading, I came across the above sentences, and I realised viruses and humans are long collaborators, associates. They say, viruses and humans have shared a sacred space with each other since the beginning of times, a parasitic or symbiotic one, either cleverly the virus stays with the human and together a healthy space is created, or the viruses end up killing the host.

So now they have become crazy, inappropriate, a DISEASED space seems to have come up, a fear has arisen

Carl Jung once said (and I paraphrase), a mood/emotion/attitude (pattern) goes through a community like a virus. Our current challenge (with the Corona Virus) is that an actual virus is combined with a collective emotional reaction: both occurring at the same time. What Jung was advocating is the conscious regulation of our own responses in order to decrease (or at least NOT increase) the growing wave of anxiety shared by the collective. Jung thought that those individuals with stable minds served as a break-water against the tides of fear and anxiety.

As scientists say the virus needs a medium to spread and now with this pandemic and the fear psychosis, the perfect pandemic platform is created for them to grow and attack the host.  This has compelled us to stay imprisoned and alone in our homes

But if we stay in this alone bliss space and let our holistic design bring our best creativity in any form, I am convinced this will have SIMILIMUM effect like universal SIMILIMUM in and everything around us. A UNIVERAL GINNIE SIMILIMUM. Let’s create PANDEMIC SIMILIMUM SPACE BY MATCHING OUR HEALTHY DESIGN AND BRING THAT ON SURFACE. This universal healing space itself is not a good medium for the viruses to survive.

The Covid -19 study has been truly a holistic one, watching myself at home, spending time in this space, understanding the global turmoil from all view points, reading about viruses, conversing and observing my colleagues working on the corona virus, I thought the time was ripe for me to put my observations and understandings.

I began understanding the global impact Covid-19 virus is causing in every corner of the world, and watching feeds on social media about the effect of this pandemic, I started to make note of all the peculiarities at all levels, viz. emotional, mental and physical peculiarities this virus is showing.

I started first understanding the pathogenesis of viral infections, what kind of virus is exactly Covid-19 and what is the pathophysiology, how it enters and affects the body causing such a high impact within no time.

Many articles and much is being written about, I limited myself by referring to authentic sources, modern medicine papers about the virus which are approved and published by the WHO uptil 28^th March 2020, and papers published by Harward Medical school. Then I started to read about the symptoms that this virus affection is producing, watching interviews of cured patients, understanding how this pandemic has affected each individual mentally and emotionally, this helped me to construct a holistic totality taking into consideration the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology and its impact. With these observations and insight I came to a certain group of remedies which could be probably utilised for the Covid 19 infection at different stages of the illness

I am putting in here the summary of my observations.

Dividing the understanding into following sections

• BASIC VIROLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (from Harward Medical College and WHO approved articles)
• Pathogenesis, Viral entry into human body (Type 1 Pneumocytes)
• Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)
• Corona virus entry point
• Primary and adaptive immune response
• Clinical presentation of Covid-19
• Other characteristics
• Suggested Homeopathic remedies and their reasons based on complete picture of disease
• Books on viruses we must read

BASIC VIROLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (from Harward Medical College and WHO approved articles)

About Corona Viruses

Coronaviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded enveloped RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts including humans, bats, other mammals, and birds.

Coronaviruses are classified within the order Nidovirales and are further subclassified into four genera: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma coronaviruses, of which alpha and beta coronaviruses are known to infect humans.

It also includes several human coronaviruses (HCoV) that are associated with lower pathogenicity (HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, -HKU-1), contributing to seasonal cases of the ‘common cold’ and sometimes linked to more severe respiratory illness (Bradburne et al., BMJ 1967; Lieberman et al., Chest 2010).

Positive-sense RNA viruses account for a large fraction of known viruses, including many pathogens such as the hepacivirus C, West Nile virus, dengue virus, SARS and MERS coronaviruses, and SARS-CoV-2[2] as well as less clinically serious pathogens such as the rhinoviruses that cause the common cold.

Two beta-coronaviruses causes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), responsible for the SARS worldwide outbreak in 2002-3 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 falls under the beta-coronavirus genus and is the seventh coronavirus identified to infect humans (Zhou et al., Nature 2020, Zhu et al., NEJM 2020).

 Then I understood the structure of the virus, especially the corona virus

 

Virus structure

There are four major structural proteins: the spike (S), membrane (M), hemaglutinin-esterase (HE) in some betacoronaviruses, and envelope (E), all located on the membrane envelope, and the nucleocapsid (N) protein found in the core.

The E protein is thought to be critical for coronavirus infectivity. The S surface protein is responsible for receptor binding, host range, membrane fusion, hemaglutinin activity, and is a target for eliciting host neutralizing antibodies (Millet & Whittaker, Virus Res 2015).

SARS-CoV-2 has genetic polymorphisms in the S protein when compared to other coronaviruses that can cause lethal human disease, such as SARS and MERS coronaviruses. This different spike protein structure has suggested that protein can be activated by furin, a host-cell enzyme, found in many human tissues including lungs, liver, and small intestines (Andersen et al., Nature 2020). This makes it clear for to understand its widespread action on major organs

Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Infection: Viral entry in human body.

How they enter in the body?

Through interacting with ACE2, a transmembrane protein on type 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli and intestinal epithelial cells. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme attached to the outer surface (cell membranes) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines.

ACE2 lowers blood pressure by catalysing the cleavage of angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor peptide) into angiotensin 1–7 (a vasodilator).

ACE2 is also implicated in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the pathogenesis of hypertension. ACE2 is a distinct enzyme from the ACE that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs as part of RAAS.

Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as systemic vascular resistance. This increases the volume of extracellular fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.

Coronavirus entry point

As a transmembrane protein, ACE2 serves as the main entry point into cells for some coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, the virus that causes SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. Hence allopathic doctors with the help of ACE inhibitors are aiming at reducing the effect and spread of Coronavirus

ACE2 which is present on type 2 pneumocytes is also additionally expressed on intestinal epithelial cells and nasal goblet secretory cells (Ziegler et al., Cell preprint 2020).

SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects type 2 pneumocytes in the lung (Zhu et al., NEJM 2020). Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to ACE2 triggers a conformational change in the viral S protein, allowing for proteolytic digestion by host cell proteases (Zhou et al., Nature 2020). MPRSS2 is a serine protease on the host cell membrane that primes the viral S protein by cleaving it, which allows fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. The encoded TMPRSS2 protein contains a type II transmembrane domain, a receptor class A domain, a scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain and the serine protease domain. (TMPRSS2: Transmembrane protease, serine 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TMPRSS2 gene)

SARS-CoV-2 can enter by two pathways: through endocytosis, and through non-endocytosis cell surface entry (Zumla et al., Nat Rev Drug Discovery 2016). The endocytic pathway is a potential target of drugs like chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (Liu et al., Cell Discovery 2020).

Upon entering in a membrane releases its single segmented RNA genome into the cytosol. Then translated immediately into viral proteins by the endogenous cell machinery; some of these proteins form a replication complex to produce more RNA for building up more SARS-CoV-2 virions to be released from the cell. Within the cytosol, RNA and viral proteins form a virion, which fuses with the cell membrane and is released to infect further cells.

 

Primary and adaptive immune response

Primary:

In severe cases of SARS and MERS, decreased viral control of SARS-CoV (1-2) and MERS-CoV leads to an increase in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages in the lung, which is associated with increased immunopathology. The influx of cells into the lungs is accompanied by a cytokine storm, with increases in levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In COVID-19, it increases neutrophils in the lungs which are already associated with severe disease (Prompetchara et al., Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology 2020).  Higher serum pro-inflammatory responses seen in people with COVID-19 are associated with severity of disease, suggesting that a cytokine storm is involved in the pathogenesis of severe disease (Huang et al., Lancet 2020).

Adaptive immune response

 Humoral immunity, most prominently antibodies produced by B cells, and cellular immunity, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells. These cells are primed by antigen presentation from cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells among others. There is a detectable humoral immune response (extracellular fluids) to SARS-CoV-2, but the presence of a protective antibody response has not yet been established in animal models or in humans. When it comes to T cells, a Th1-type CD4+ T cell response is important in successful control of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Li et al., J Imm 2008; Shin et al., Clin Inf Dis 2019).

CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF COVID-19

PQRS at Local and General Level

• Common symptoms: cough, fever, and fatigue; however, sputum, shortness of breath, myalgias, sore throat, headache, nasal congestion, and nausea/vomiting/diarrhea have also been reported.
• The elderly and those with comorbid conditions (most clearly cardiovascular disease, respiratory conditions, and cancer) are at higher risk for a more severe disease course and death.
• RT-PCR on respiratory samples is the current gold standard.
• Serologic antibody tests are undergoing FDA approval.
• Common lab findings:
  1. I. ↓lymphocytes,
  2. II. ↓platelets,

• III. ↑CRP.

1. IV. Higher inflammatory markers seen in more severe disease.

• Common chest CT findings: bilateral ground glass opacities, consolidations, and “crazy paving” patterns.The majority of imaging findings for COVID-19 are consistent with a viral pneumonia, with diffuse, bilateral involvement of the lung. The most common patterns seen are ground-glass opacities (GGOs), air-space consolidations, crazy paving (pattern of GGOs with inter/intra-lobular septal thickening), vascular enlargement, and traction bronchiectasis.

The hallmark laboratory findings in COVID-19 cases reported thus far is lymphocytopenia.

In the Guan cohort of 1099 patients discussed above, these trends were seen:

• Lymphocytopenia (83%),
• Elevated CRP (61%),
• Thrombocytopenia (36%),
• Leucopenia (33%).
• Less commonly, elevations were seen in ALT, AST, CK, and d-dimer (Guan et al., NEJM 2020).

 

 

POSTMORTEM FINDINGS

Pulmonary thrombosis which is not typical ARDS, like Methaemoglobin, the COVID 19 virus structural protein, sticks to heme - displaces oxygen - which release iron-free ion, which leads to toxicity and causes inflammation of alveolar macrophages. Once the hemoglobin is impaired, the red blood cell is essentially non-functioning in carrying and delivering oxygen to any tissues. RBC's become useless and a burden on the patients as they circulate around with COVID-19 virus attached to its porphyrin. This leads to the destruction of the red blood cells and the patient's oxygen saturation levels drop significantly.

Lung inflammation results from the inability of both oxygen and CO2 exchange, leading to the ground glass on x rays, it mimics CO2 poisoning as an invisible enemy. What is happening equates to carbon monoxide poisoning, in which carbon monoxide is bound to the Haemoglobin with the failure of gas exchange. 

COVID 19 patients, unlike CO poisoning in which eventually the CO can break off, the affected hemoglobin is permanently stripped of its ability to carry oxygen where the body compensates by secreting excess erythropoietin to stimulate the bone marrow to secrete new red blood cells. This is the reason we will find thrombocytosis and decreased blood oxygen saturation. The Three primary Lung defences to maintain "iron homeostasis", 2 of them are in the alveoli.

There is a small village in northern Italy where the majority of its population suffers from thalassemia. They had no deaths and no cross-community spread.

Moreover, parts of Nepal that are 1km above sea level are COVID-19 free. All points that we are chasing the wrong organ; it is not the lungs; it is a blood problem.

Suggestions: Patients May require frequent blood transfusions or plasmapheresis.

 

Other characteristics

• Exponential growth – the growth curve of Covid – 19 is exponential, which means one sick person becomes two, two becomes four, four becomes eight. That is two, multiplied by itself four times this kind of calculation forms basis of exponential growth. On plotting a graph the line skyrockets upwards. If this continues then without a vaccine, the majority of people in the entire world will eventually become infected by SARS-CoV-2. This is why the curve flattens out: because there will be no one left to infect.
• In the worst case scenario, if we do nothing to change the disease doubling rate, the CDC estimates up to 214 million cumulative infections (⅔ of the American population), and 1.7 million deaths (assuming 1-2% chance of dying if infected) in the United States in the coming months (NYTimes 3.13.20).
• The influenza virus works by destroying the protective membrane lining a person’s airways, making them susceptible to pathogens present in the air they breathe. This in turn can lead to fatal lung infections. Up to 50 million people died as a result of influenza during the 1918 global flu epidemic. Even this year the flu is likely to kill between 250,000 to 500,000 people

Other characteristics

PQRS at the Holistic Level

• Unstoppable pandemic – as we saw the exponential growth, lack of vaccines for the new viral disease, this infection has affected almost every continent in the world and looks like an unstoppable one, and has caused so many deaths, destructive and unstoppable
• Social distancing at pandemic level – the only solution to stop this exponential growth is by social distancing. Because this measure seems the most appropriate one as of now to control the disease growth, a complete lock down has been observed by most of the countries. It is as if the world has come to a standstill, each one is locked up in his own house, cut off from the world unable to do any kind of work.
• Panic at all level – panic is the most common experience of each and every individual, this panic is seen not only for oneself, entire family, relationships, health, work, this is panic at global level
• Another characteristic is the panic especially on holiday mode (flying/travelling in hotel, social gathering you get it) Travelling is the most common reason for this spread of this virus. At the holistic level one sees that it almost affects those on a holiday, or those who were in relaxed, travel, enjoyment mode.
• But this has given the earth an opportunity to heal, recuperate and regenerate, as its resources have being constantly consumed by human beings in an out of proportion manner.
• At the same time this pandemic lock down has also given many to introspect in this intense alone space, and has been termed as the best time by many yogis, meditators, facilitators

So the next question arises how are the different treatment therapies? First let us see what does Allopathic mode of treatment suggests, how are they managing it.

How are they handling it…

 

                                         

Allopathic system of Medicine are targeting treatment based on

1. 1. Chloroquine andH ydroxychloroquine (Liu et al., Cell Discovery 2020) (Attacking and blocking the endocytic pathway)
2. 2. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.)

Suggested Homeopathic remedies and their reasons based on complete picture of disease

Based on the clinical presentation and characteristics of the Covid-19 let me summarise first the picture that started to form up with the studies up until now

At the local pathological, physical level, general level and holistic level

• SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through interacting with ACE2, a transmembrane protein on type 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli and intestinal epithelial cells.
• Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme attached to the outer surface (cell membranes) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines.
• The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as systemic vascular resistance. This increases the volume of extracellular fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.
• Once infected it leads to an increase in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages in the lung causes cytokine storm, with increases in levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines.
• In COVID-19, increases in neutrophils in the lungs are associated with severe disease
• There is a detectable humoral immune response (extracellular fluids) to SARS-CoV-2, but the presence of a protective antibody response has not yet been established
• Common symptoms: cough, fever, and fatigue; however, sputum, shortness of breath, myalgias, sore throat, headache, nasal congestion, and nausea/vomiting/diarrhea have also been reported.
• The elderly and those with comorbid conditions cardiovascular disease, respiratory conditions, and cancer are at higher risk for a more severe disease course and death.
• ↓lymphocytes,
• ↓platelets,
• ↑CRP.
• Common chest CT findings: bilateral ground glass opacities, consolidations, and “crazy paving” patterns.
• Exponential growth rate of the virus
• Unstoppable pandemic…
• Social distancing at pandemic level.
• Each one is locked up in his own house, cut off from the world unable to do any kind of work.
• Panic at all level
• Panic specially on holiday mode (flying/travelling in hotel, social gathering you get it)

Suggestions of following Homeopathic remedies based on above observations and studies

1. LOBELIA PURPURASCENS: White root. This is the remedy for all levels, local, physical, general, holistic level

Lobelia Purpurascens belongs to the family Campanulaceae, Clade Campanulids, Order:  Asterales

The whole family Campanulaceae, as well as Lobelia Purpurascens, represents exact centre of Covid-19

The master key of this Family Campanulaceae

(SMALL) Trauma/injury/wound/break of integrity

TO CORE/VITAL PART/ROOT/CENTER/vital organs LEADS TO Sudden fear, panic, destruction almost to ACUTE OR SYPHILITIC level. Alarming. The reaction is: Fear and fright and flight reaction But WITH Parasympathetic activity so a RELAX STATE, HOLIDAY STATE, IN CALM SITUATIONS, INERTIA

Other Characterstics

• Parasympathetic nervous system.
• Damage/illness/affection of lower part, root, posterior part etc.
• Acute or syphilitic miasm.
• Rapidness of symptoms.
• Catarrhal conditions
• In relax holiday mode
• Being hurt by mechanical/emotional trauma WHICH IS TILL vital/central/root level.

VERMEULEN writes

Having not enough breath, not enough heart action and not enough vigour, the call is not for 'full steam ahead' but for 'no action now’. Inertia and vegetation without the counterpart of activity and movement slip slowly into paralysis and death. Campanulaceae brings back the natural balance between rest and action, slowing down and speeding up for the full expression of one's life force.

 

The above expressions exactly coincide with the current pandemic, where there is slow down at global level, there is an acute destruction, the family shows acute and syphilitic miasms. Hence I recommend this remedy at the top for prescribing for symptomatic patients and also as a prophylactic

INDIVIDUAL REMEDY:

• LOBELIA PURPURASCENS – invasive garden weed
• The symptoms come on with great rapidity, within five minutes of taking the drug. (Clarke)
• Profound prostration of all the vital forces and of the nervous system; RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS. NERVOUS PROSTRATION OF INFLUENZA. Coma. Tongue white and paralyzed. (Boericke)
• Bad effects from grief. Mental exertion aggravates. Brain weakness and exertion of mind intolerable.
• Feels paralyzed as also do the heart and lungs; intense prostration of all vital forces; deadly chill, without shivering; useful for the low, nervous prostration of grippe.
• Superficial respiration; heart and lungs feel paralyzed; respiration slow.
• Emetic and expectorant. Antispasmodic.

2. LOBELIA SYPHILITICA

Materia Medica/Repertory/Themes/Proving

• Hay fever. Influenza.
• Gives a perfect picture of sneezing influenza,
• Involving the posterior nares, palate, and fauces.
• Very depressed.
• GREAT OPPRESSION IN LOWER PART OF CHEST, as if air could not reach there.
• PAIN IN CHEST UNDER SHORT RIBS OF LEFT SIDE.
• Eustachian catarrh.
• Bad effects from grief.

Other remedies belonging to this family are – Lobelia Inflata, Lobelia Cardinalis, Lobelia Erinus

3. Quebracho, Aspidosperma quebracho, White quebracho it belongs to Family: Apocynaceae Class: Lamiids, Order: Gentianales

Apocynaceae is also the Oleander Family, or the Dogbane family. The plants belonging to this family contain the active principle which is a cardiac glycoside of the cardoline type. Cardiac glycosides work by acting directly on the cell membranes of heart fibers. They increase the contraction or pumping strength of the heartbeat. This is referred to as positive inotropic action. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction. The heart can then pump more blood per beat through the body.

The master key of this Family Apocynaceae

Stimulation (All Gentianales)

Stimulates mind and body to new or next level of Strength/Endurance/Stamina. Stimulates Muscles/Heart/Lungs/Brain/Blood to a new level of capacity/strength. Excitement from achieving new strength/stamina and endurance.

Reaction is Exhaustion as if life would be extinguished. Weakness of Heart, Lung, Muscles, Brain. Loss of stamina from achieving the new target of stamina/strength.

 

3. Quebracho, Aspidosperma quebracho, White quebracho - Stimulates mind and body to new level/next level of Strength/Endurance/Stamina from Exhaustion/weakness. People with

Burnout/exhaustion with Respiratory disorder

• Removes temporary obstruction to the oxidation of the blood by stimulating respiratory centers, increasing oxidation and excretion of carbonic acid. (Phatak)
• It stimulates the respiratory centers and increases the oxygen in the blood. "Want of breath" during exertion is the guiding symptom. The digitalis of the lungs. (Boericke)
• Cardiac Asthma.
• It can be considered the homoeopathic oxygen mask for the patient. (Sarkar)
• Yohimbine (Alkaloid) particularly affects the central nervous system and respiratory centre.
• Aspidospermine reduces blood pressure and is also used to treat dyspnoea related to asthma or emphysema [either as citrate, sulphate or hydrochloride].
• Boosting testosterone; aphrodisiac. Respiratory.
• Quebracho is a Brazilian fever remedy from which the alkaloid Aspidospermine has been isolated.
• Aspidospermine is an indole alkaloid, found in Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco, white quebracho. Aspidospermine promptly and effectually controls dyspnoea, whether cardiac [functional], asthmatic, bronchitic, or emphysemic. Aspidospermine finds its widest field of influence in the multifarious bronchial disturbances of autumn and winter.

4. GRINDELIA ROBUSTA (which one) it belongs to Family: Asteraceae, Subfamily Asteroideae, TRIBE Astereae

• Acts on the cardiopulmonary distribution of the pneumo-gastric in dry catarrh
• Produces a paresis of the pneumo-gastric, interfering with respiration. SMOTHERING AFTER FALLING ASLEEP.
• Raises the blood pressure.
• Acts on the pulmonary circulation.
• Weak heart and respiration. Cannot breathe lying down. Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
• ACT ON Bronchiae (Bronchioles) (Boger)
• Autumn < - cough; asthma.
• Concomitant in old people with weak heart or emphysema: 
• Mental symptoms: Longing for sunshine, light and company, On waking, room as if too small, feeling as if everything has stopped
• Leprous Miasm

Tribe - Heliantheae

There are a couple of remedies which could be useful from the Family: Asteraceae : Subfamily: Asteroideae, TRIBE: Heliantheae

The remedies in this tribe are – AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA, PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS, WYETHIA HELENIOIDES, ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA and HELIANTHUS ANNUUS.

The tribe has plants which are highly invasive weeds; many species have pollen producing allergies of different kind, allergic skin, respiratory, GIT conditions.

Master key of Heliantheae

Sense of self is destroyed/ disturbed at mental and physical level due to trauma/injury/wound/break of integrity which generally is of big trauma like abuse mentally physically sexually. Invasion of personal/physical/mental space due to trauma/ injury/ infection/ wound/break of integrity where trauma is generally of violating the personal space

REACTION: AUTO: Harm, auto-infection, auto-immune reaction, immune reaction. Sense of self/own/inner healing ability, own is destroyed. Either too much sense of self or destroyed sense of self. Inner ability to shine like sun or to follow inner compass or to follow the inner direction is lost. Mostly reaction manifests in the later part of the life.

Reaction - Following the sun. AGG/AMEL FROM SUN set to sun rise. Following the outer compass, outer guide, trusting outside more then their own healing mechanism, their own ability, own intuition, own compass.

Signature of black: black color stool, black tongue, dark emotions.

Miasm: Leprous/Syphilis

Now let us understand suggested remedies from this tribe

5. ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Snakeroot)

With the above understanding of the tribe, the master key of Echinacea is Invasion of personal/physical/mental space due to trauma/injury/wound/break of integrity where trauma is generally of violating the personal space. Sense of self is destroyed completely till syphilitic level with Auto-infection. Syphilitic miasm.

• Acute auto-infection. Symptoms of BLOOD POISONING, SEPTIC CONDITIONS GENERALLY. Coryza, catarrh, nasal hemorrhage and thick scabs in nose. (Boericke)
• Organ affinity - Connective tissue, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels. LAST STATE OF CANCER.
• Sphere of Action – Blood and circulation.
• Naturally Echinacea has the ability to promote tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation. Additionally, Echinacea maintains the structure and integrity of the connective tissue and ground substance.
• Hyaluronic acid or hyaluron is an acidic polysaccharide. It is a chief component of connective tissue and of the ground substance, the intracellular cement that holds body cells together. It occurs in high concentrations in the eyes, heart valves, fascia, synovial fluid of the joints and skin, acting as a cushion or shock absorber, lubricator, structure stabiliser, moisturiser and protector.
• Acute auto-infection. Mostly bacterial streptococcal, staphylococcal. Tendency to malignancy in acute and subacute disorders.
• CANT EXERT MIND.

6. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIFOLIA (Bitterweed/Blackweed/Carrotweed/Hayfever weed)

Master key - Invasion/disturbance/destruction of personal/physical/mental space due to trauma/injury/wound/break of integrity where trauma is generally of violating the personal space in HAY FEVER and URTI

• A remedy for hay-fever, lachrymation and intolerable itching of eyelids.
• Many forms of diarrhoea, esp. during summer; also dysentery. 
• Irritation of trachea and bronchial tubes

7. WYETHIA HELENIOIDES…

• Hay-fever symptoms; ITCHING IN POSTERIOR NARES./soft palate.
• PHARYNGITIS, especially the follicular form of singers and public speakers
• Desire Ice cold water.

Remedies which would be useful in the initial stages of the Viral Infection and prevent further progression of the disease

8. QUILLAJA SAPONARIA MOLINA, Common names: Soap bark tree. Soapbark.

Family: Quillajaceae. Order: Fabales.

• Produces and cures symptoms of acute catarrh, sneezing and sore throat. MOST EFFECTIVE IN THE BEGINNING OF CORYZA, frequently checking its further development. Colds with sore throat; heat and dryness of throat. Cough with difficult expectoration.
• New research shows that the natural, aqueous extracts of Quillaja saponaria, the Chilean soapbark tree, contain several physiologically active triterpenoid saponins that display antiviral activity.
• Saponins offer some novel mechanisms of antiviral action, including interactions with viral envelopes leading to their destruction, interactions with host-cell membranes leading to a loss of virus binding sites and coating of cells to prevent virus binding.
• Our results demonstrate that a Quillaja extract can disrupt viral envelopes and capsid proteins at concentrations 10-fold below cytotoxic levels. Additionally, following treatment of cells with this extract, a ‘block’ of the host cells occurs that prevents virus attachment and reduces virus spread to uninfected cells from cells that do manage to become infected, at concentrations 100- to 1000-fold below cytotoxic levels. (Michael R. Roner1, Jennifer Sprayberry1, Matthew Spinks1, Salima Dhanji1)
• SAPONINS are AGENTS PREVENTING INFECTION CAUSED BY COMMON WATERBORNE PATHOGENS (by ALISA MORIC JOHNSON )

9. CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM

• According to new research cinnamon has high anti-viral properties. One of the homoepathic remedy suggested for Covid 19 infection is by Dr Rajan is Camphora which is also known as Cinnamomum camphora.
• Both homoeopathic remedies Cinnamomum and Camphora belong to same Family - Lauraceae. In fact camphora is Cinnamomum camphora.
• Cinnamomum cassia - According to this Stanford University article a popular remedy for the Spanish flu (a virus) was cinnamon in powder or oil form mixed with milk to reduce temperature.
• An Indian study based out of Pune India claimed that a Cinnamon derived procyanidin polymer can turn HIV infected people into HIV controllers (those who carry the Virus but do not develop full blown AIDS). Apparently they extracted a molecule (which remains unknown) which protects an important defense protein by neutralizing the HIV virus. While not a cure they suggest this polymer could enhance the immune response system against HIV.
• Baculuvirus - In this Japanese study, cinnzeylanine, isolated from Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Ceylon Cinnamon), inhibited the proliferation of a baculovirus
• Herpes and Cinnamon - Another study in 2000 found Eugeol (the common ingredient in Ceylon. Cinnamon Leaf Oil was virucidal and showed no cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. Meaning it was effective against HSV-1 and HSV- 2 (Herpes) at doses of 25.6 & 16.2 microg/mL.
• What this shows is that both Cinnamaldehye (from steam distilling the bark) and Eugenol (from steam distilling cinnamon leaf) are both effective, albeit for different strains of viruses
• A preliminary study conducted by Touro College in New York found that cinnamon may contain antiviral properties. In addition to its proven ability to regulate blood pressure, as per these findings of the research, cinnamon may also protect the body against viral infections. Dr. Milton Schiffenbauer (New Orleans, Louisiana)
• Potential angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• Cinnamon was reported to possess antihypertensive effects through inhibition of ACE, elevation of the endothelial NO and activation of the K-ATP channels in vascular smooth muscles. (NCBI- NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY)
• AN IN VITRO STUDY OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM AS NATURAL INHIBITOR OF ANGIOTENSINCONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) ON SHEEP (OVIS ARIES) TISSUES
• Excitement of vascular system and respiratory organs.

ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Snakeroot) – as described above, it is helpful during the primary immune response

 

REMEDIES AFTER the Covid-19 Infection

REMEDIES From FAMILY Gentianaceae - The family is from Higher order ‘Gentianales’ which also has Rubiaceae as one of the family with remedy CHINA. All remedies from Gentianaceae Family are known as Bitter Tonic ‘Bitter Stimulants’ Much more bitter in taste than China

REMEDIES OF GENTIANACEAE FAMILY:

• Centaury - Centaurium erythraea (Bach Flower Remedy)
• Canchalagua
• Frasera caroliniensis
• Gentiana amarelle (Bach Flower Remedy) Gentiana cruciata. (Star gentian/Cross gentian.)
• Gentiana lutea. (Yellow gentian)
• Gentiana quinquefolia (Five-flowered Gentian)
• SWERTIA CHIRATA (Indian China)

Gentianaceae- Class: Lamiids Order: Gentianales Family:Gentianaceae.

FAMILY MASTER KEY

Stimulation: Need Stimulation in Chronic diseases, chronic debility, chronic ague, convalescence , long serious debilitating state or souls which are easily depleted and devitalized much below normal level of strength, stamina, vitality. Debilitating, devitalized below normal state of health, stamina, systems, body and mind. BURNOUT.

10. Centaury - Centaurium erythraea (Gentianacea) Remedy for Health care workers.

• From the literature already present we know that serving others from inner strength, with a healthy recognition of one's own needs; acting from strength of inner purpose. Such souls are easily depleted and devitalized. Flowers open in fine weather only.
• Understanding the master key of the family and above knowledge the master key for the remedy will be

NEED FOR Stimulation: Souls which are easily depleted and devitalized much below normal level of strength, stamina, vitality FROM SERVING OTHERS, TAKING CARE OF PEOPLE WITH chronic diseases, chronic debility, chronic ague, convalescence , long serious debilitating state. REACTION: NEEDS FINE CLEAR WEATHER TO FEEL BETTER.

Gentianaceae Remedies Post Infection For recovery at any Stage I would suggest Gentiana amarelle (Bach Flower Remedy) and Gentiana lutea. (Yellow gentian)

11. Gentiales Amarelle (Bach Flower essence)

• From the literature already present we know that this remedy is useful for those who suffer uncertainty. Doubts and uncertainties over daily affairs. Doubtful and discouraged about the slow process of cure. The individual needs to learn that such vexing situations occur because they are exactly those lessons which are needed for growth and strength.
• They look on the dark side and are pessimistic. In convalescence when they think they have come to a standstill; really doing well but tend to be discouraged and doubt that they are making progress
• This is for those who feel as if the difficulties before them are too big to be overcome and temporarily lose heart.

Master key of Gentiales Amarelle is

NEED FOR Stimulation: Souls which are easily depleted and devitalized much below normal level of strength, stamina, vitality. Burn out with/ FROM DOUBTFUL HEALING PROCESS/HEALER/HOPELESS IN chronic diseases, chronic debility, chronic Ague, convalescence , long serious debilitating state. 

12. Gentiana Lutea (yellow gentian)(Bitterest substance)

NEED FOR Stimulation: Souls which are easily depleted and devitalized much below normal level of strength, stamina, vitality FROM chronic diseases, chronic debility, chronic ague, and convalescence long serious debilitating state. REACTION: Need Tonic (Bitter TONIC)

Updated additions

13. Elderberry (syrup) (Sambucus nigra) Sambucus nigra
 Order: Dipsacales Family: Adoxaceae.

Homeopathically - It acts upon respiratory organs, Easily frightened. Fright followed by suffocative attacks. Spells of coughing; before fever. Great tendency to start, even starting at things to which he is accustomed, seeing frightful things on the walls. [H] Dreams: meeting old friends, people not seen for years. tendency to worry about trivial issues. Profuse sweat or shortness of breath; accompany many symptoms.

Elderberry Syrup -

• Boosts our immune system
• Reduces the intensity and duration of the cold and flu by ½ to ⅓
• Contains a large amount of Vitamin C
• Chemical constituents in Elderberry inhibit the early stages of infection by blocking key viral proteins responsible for attaching and penetrating our cells.  They also reduce the replication, therefore, reducing the intensity and duration!
• The US National Library of Medicine did a study of Elderberry & chickens who had been infected with this strain of the coronavirus showing Elderberry was able to inhibit the coronavirus in chickens.
• How does this translate to humans?  The US National Library of Medicine felt that S.nigra (Elderberry) has proven to inhibit the virus and this warranted that future studies should be done.

14. EUPHORBIA PILULIFERA…Euphorbia hirta L, (Asthma plant.) (Sneezeweed.)                       Family: Euphorbiaceae. Order: Malpighiales.

Euphorbia hirta sometimes called asthma-plant is a pantropical weed, possibly native to India. The plant is native to India but is a pan tropical weed, found especially on roadsides and wasteland. Ayurvedic medicine.

• It is also regarded as an outstanding medication to treat respiratory system disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, laryngeal spasms, emphysema, coughs and colds. The leaves are mixed with those of Datura metel L. in preparing 'asthma cigarettes'. Euphorbia pilulifera is chiefly of value as a remedy in spasmodic asthma, though it is not without merit in other thoracic diseases.
• This remedy has also been used with good effect in the treatment of hay asthma. Dr. Tison has found the remedy beneficial in the dyspnoea of cardiac disease. 
• In Australia the plant is highly esteemed for its power of allaying the asthmatic paroxysm. It has likewise been found of service in chronic bronchitis, esp. when occurring in old people.
• Research shows Euphorbia inhibited the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme by 90% at 500 μg, and 50% at 160 μg. It is also Anti dengue activities. You can read more on this link below https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maxine_Gossell-Williams/publication/246878758_Angiotensin_converting_enzyme_inhibiting_and_anti-dipsogenic_activities_ofEuphorbia_hirta_extracts/links/5b3c2b5c4585150d23f679a5/Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibiting-and-anti-dipsogenic-activities-ofEuphorbia-hirta-extracts.pdf

15. Carbon Monoxide…

• Low level carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms: Flu-like symptoms.  Shortness of breath. Unexplained panic, anxiety, or sense of dread. Unexplained sense that there is a presence or something is watching [many 'ghost houses' have been found to have had carbon monoxide leaks].
• Extreme carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms: Collapse. Seriously low blood pressure. Heart and respiratory failure. Unconsciousness.

 

To summarize the remedies suggested by me are

1. Lobelia Purpurascens
2. Lobelia Syphilitica
3. Quebracho, Aspidosperma Quebracho
4. Grindelia
5. Echinacea Angustifolia
6. Ambrosia Artemisifolia
7. Wyethia Helenioides…
8. Quillaja Saponaria
9. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
10. Centaury/Centaurium Erythraea
11. Gentiales Amarelle
12. Gentiana Lutea
13. Sambucus Nigra
14. Euphorbium Pilulifera
15. Carbon Monoxide

 

7 Group of remedies

• PREVENTION GROUP: Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, JASMIN, SAMBUCUS, (Anything which increase first level of immunity)
• ACUTE GROUP: Quillaja Saponaria, Echinacea Angustifolia , Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, SAMBUCUS NIGRA, FERRUM PHOS GROUP
• ALL LEVEL GROUP Lobelia Purpurascens Lobelia Syphilitica BRONIA, EUPHORBIA PILULIFERA
• LUNGS BLOOD COMPLICATION GROUP: Quebracho, Aspidosperma Quebracho, Grindelia, CARBON MONOXIDE GROUP., ZINCUM GROUP
• HEALTH CARE WORKER GROUP/RECOVERY GROUP Centaury/Centaurium Erythraea , Gentiales Amarelle, Gentiana Lutea, china-mur GROUP,
• Similimum
• Other masters and their suggestions

Books on viruses we must read

• Influenza Virus: Introduction to a Killer - Ed Rybicki
• A Planet of Viruses - Carl Zimmer
• Pandemic – Sonia Shah
• The Hot Zone - Richard Preston
• Bored and Brilliant – Manoush Zomorodi
• The Genius Life – Heal your mind, strengthen your body and become extraordinary – Max Lugavere
• Immunity – William E Paul and Super Immunity by Joel Fuhrmann
• This is Chance – The shaking of an all American City, a voice that held it together – Jon Mooallem

SOME HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES SUGGESTED BY VARIOUS MASTERS

• Dr Rajan Sankaran- Camphora
• DrMassimo- Suggests 3 remedies
  1. Chininum Mur
  2. Grindelia
  3. Camphora
• Jeremy Sherr- Suggests remedies

1. Antimonium tartaricum/Antimonium arsenicosum
2. Stannum Mur
3. Senega
4. Phosphorus
5. Sticta Pulmonaria
6. RADON

• Faroukh Master - Justicia Adathoda
• Remedies like Ant ars, Ant tart, Ars alb are suggested by many other homoeopaths
• Heinrich Hümmer, Herrsching, Germany - shows successful cases with Lobelia pur

Herbal teas I suggest during this period due to their high anti-virulent properties

• Jasmine Tea
• Cinnamon Tea

With all this research, reading and observations, I share this with you and urge each of you to work upon the above remedies, see how it appeals to you, your feedback about the above write up, remedies, understanding is most welcomed. Would also like to hear about cases that you have come across and your observations while treating patients with Covid-19, feel free to write to me at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

At the end since all of us are at home I would like to share with you

“When an aware person is at home,

He makes his home and his inner home

The centre of his universe

WITH TOUCH OF SIMILIMUM to stay

In tune with your inner healing energy to

Fight this negative pandemic space, to bring

Best design of you in this alone space.”

– Dinesh Chauhan

 

As I leave you with above suggestions I sincerely appeal to you to come together, to come up with your inputs and suggestions and lets make it an integrative holistic approach to deal with such kind of acute pandemic situations

I leave you with a quote by Master Hahnemann from “Lesser Writings”

“How often I wished for the concurrence of some physician of eminence on these points! I always hoped to obtain it believing that observations conducted by really practical minds must eventually unite in truth, as the radii of a circle though even so far asunder at the circumference, all converge in a common center”